小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法詳解:常見(jiàn)冠詞及用法練習(xí)


冠詞概述?////冠詞是虛詞,本身不能單獨(dú)使用,也沒(méi)有詞義,它用在名詞的前面,幫助指明名詞的含義冠詞分為不定冠詞和定冠詞兩種不定冠詞僅用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前面,表示“一”的意義,但不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)目觀念,只表示名詞為不特定者定冠詞則表示名詞為特定者,表示“這”,“那”,“這些”,“那些”的意思,在可數(shù)的單復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞前面都可以用a和an的區(qū)別?////不定冠詞有a和an兩種形式,a用于輔音(不是輔音字母)開(kāi)頭的詞前,an用于元音(不是元音字母)開(kāi)頭的詞前例如:a boy,a university,a european country;an hour,an honour,an island,an elephant,an umbrella不定冠詞的用法?////1、泛指某一類(lèi)人、事或物;相當(dāng)于any,這是不定冠詞a/an的基本用法2、泛指某人或某物,但不具體說(shuō)明何人或何物3、表示數(shù)量,有“一”的意思,但數(shù)的概念沒(méi)有one強(qiáng)烈4、表示“每一”,相當(dāng)于every. 例如:i go to school five days a week.我一周上五天課5、用在序數(shù)詞前,表示“又一”,“再一”例如:i have three books. i want to buy a fourth one.我已經(jīng)有三本書(shū),我想買(mǎi)第四本。
6、用在某些固定詞組中:a lot(of)許多,大量;after a while過(guò)一會(huì)兒定冠詞的用法?////1、特指某(些)人或某(些)物,這是定冠詞的基本用法2、指談話(huà)雙方都知道的人或事物例如:open the window,please.請(qǐng)打開(kāi)窗戶(hù)3、指上文已經(jīng)提到的人或事物例如:i have a car. the car is red.我有一輛小汽車(chē),它是紅色的4、指世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物例如:which is bigger,the sun or the earth?哪一個(gè)大,太陽(yáng)還是地球?5、用在序數(shù)詞,形容詞最高級(jí)前例如:the first lesson is the easiest one in this book.第一課是這本書(shū)最簡(jiǎn)單的一課6、用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專(zhuān)有名詞前例如,the great wall 長(zhǎng)城,the united states美國(guó)7、用在某些形容詞前,表示某一類(lèi)人例如:the poor窮人,the blind盲人8、用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)形式前,表示“全家人”或“夫妻倆”例如:the greens 格林一家或格林夫妻倆9、用在方位詞前例如:on the left在左邊,in the middle of在中間10、用在樂(lè)器名稱(chēng)前。
例如:she plays the piano every day.她每天彈鋼琴11、用在表示海洋,河流,山脈,群島及國(guó)家和黨派等名詞前例如:the black sea黑海,the yangzi river長(zhǎng)江12、用在某些固定詞組中:all the same仍然;all the time一直;at the moment此刻;at the same time同時(shí);by the way順便說(shuō);do the shopping/washing買(mǎi)東西/洗衣服;in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上;零冠詞的用法?////1、在專(zhuān)有名詞和不可數(shù)名詞前例如:class two二班,tian’an men square天安門(mén)廣場(chǎng),water水2、可數(shù)名詞前已有作定語(yǔ)的物主代詞(my,your,his,her等)、指示代詞(this/these,that/those)、不定代詞(some,any等)及所有格限制時(shí)例如:my book(正);my the book(誤)3、復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類(lèi)人或事物時(shí)例如:they are teachers.他們是老師tigers like meat.老虎喜歡吃肉4、在星期,月份,季節(jié),節(jié)日前。
例如:on sunday在周日in march在三月in spring在春天on women’s day在婦女節(jié)特例:如果月份,季節(jié)等被一個(gè)限定性定語(yǔ)修飾時(shí),則要加定冠詞:he joined the army in the spring of 1982.他在1982年春季參軍5、在稱(chēng)呼語(yǔ)或表示頭銜的名詞前例如:tom湯姆,mum媽媽6、在學(xué)科名稱(chēng),三餐飯和球類(lèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)名稱(chēng)前例如:i have lunch at school every day.我每天在學(xué)校吃午飯?zhí)乩寒?dāng)football,basketball指具體的某個(gè)球時(shí),其前可以用冠詞:i can see a football.我可以看到一只足球where’s the football?那只足球在哪兒?(指足球,并非“球類(lèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)”)7、在表特定的公園,街道,車(chē)站,橋,學(xué)校等之前例如:no.25 middle school8、某些固定詞組中不用冠詞1)與by連用的交通工具名稱(chēng)前:by bus乘公共汽車(chē)by car乘汽車(chē)by bike騎/坐自行車(chē)by train乘火車(chē)by air/plane乘飛機(jī)by sea/ship乘船但take a bus,in a boat,on the bike前需用冠詞、(2)名詞詞組:day and night日日夜夜brother and sister兄弟姐妹hour after hour時(shí)時(shí)刻刻here and there到處(3)介詞詞組:at home在家in surprise驚奇地at noon在中午on foot步行at night在晚上on duty值日at work在工作on time準(zhǔn)時(shí)for example例如in class在上課on show展覽in bed在床上(4)go短語(yǔ):go home回家go to bed上床睡覺(jué)go to school去上學(xué)go to work去上班go shopping/swimming/boating/fishing去買(mǎi)東西/游泳/劃船/釣魚(yú)用與不用冠詞的差異?////in hospital住院in the hospital在醫(yī)院里go to sea出海go to the sea去海邊on earth究竟on the earth在地球上,在世上in front of在…(外部的)前面in the front of在…(內(nèi)部的)前面take place發(fā)生take the place(of)代替at table進(jìn)餐at the table在桌子旁by sea乘船by the sea在海邊in future從今以后,將來(lái)in the future未來(lái)go to school(church…)上學(xué)(做禮拜…)go to the school?(church…)到學(xué)校(教堂…)去on horseback騎著馬on the horseback在馬背上two of us我們當(dāng)中的兩人the two of us我們兩人(共計(jì)兩人)out of question毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)out of the question不可能的,辦不到的next year明年the next year 第二年a teacher and writer一位教師兼作家(一個(gè)人)a teacher and a?writer一位教師和一位作家(兩個(gè)人)同步練習(xí)?///1.There is _____ apple on the desk.A. a ? ? ? ?B .the ? ? ?C. an ? ? ?D./2.The girl under ____ tree is my sister.A. ?a ? ? ? B .the? ? ?C?.an ? ? ? D./3.Mary is from _____ usa.A. a ? ? ? ? B. the? ?C. an ? ? ? D./4.He met _____ friend of his on the road.A. ?a ? ? ? B .the? ? ?C?.an ? ? ? D./5.Mr Black will go back to england______.A?.by air ? ? ?B .by a plane? ? ? C. by trains ? ? ?D. at a traina.?6.Could you please play____piano for me?A.a ? ? ? ?B.an ? ? ? C.the ? ? ? D./7.There is ____“h” in the word “hour”, but____ “h”doesn’t make a sound.Aa, a ? ? ? B. a, the ? ? ? C. the,an? ? ?D?.an.,the8.I’m going to see my mother. she is ill ____.A. in hospital? ? ??B. in the hospital ?C. in a hospital??D. at a hospital9.We have three meals ____day. we have breakfast at 6:30 in ____morning every day.A. the,?the,? the? ?B. the,? /,? the ? ?C. a,? /,?the ? D .a,?the,? the10.——This is__?film i’ve told you about several times.——It’s great. i’ve never seen ___ more moving one.A. a,? a ? ? ? B. the,?the ? ? ? ?C. the,? a? ? ? ?D. a,?the11.——Tina,could you please play__ piano for me while i’m singing?——With pleasure.A .a? ? ? B. an ? ? ? ?C. the ? ? ? D. /12.I want to try again. please give me__?third chance again.A .a ?? ? B. the? ?? ?C. an? ??? ??D. /13. ——What’s the matter with you?——I caught__?bad cold and had to stay in____ bed.A. a; / ? ? ?B. a; the ? ? C. a; a ? ? ?D. the; the14.____ sun is shining brightly.A. a ? ? ? ?B. an ? ? ? C. the? ? ? ?D. /15. Swimming is____ in summer.A. a great fun? ? ?B. great fun ? ? C. great funs ?? ?D. great a fun參考答案:1-5 CBBAA? 6-10 CDACC? 11-15?CAACB。
