小學(xué)英語30個(gè)句型包含詞匯短語和語法解釋

1?as…as 和……一樣中間必須用形容詞或副詞原級(jí)例如：This classroom is as?big as that one.這間教室和那間一樣大He runs as fast as Tom.?他和湯姆跑的一樣快否定結(jié)構(gòu)：not as/so…as,“不如……”上面的兩個(gè)句子可分別改為：This classroom is not as/so large as that one.這間教室不如那間大He doesn’t run as/so fast as Tom.他跑得不如湯姆快2?as soon as 一……就……用來引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句若主句是一般將來時(shí)，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)例如：I’ll tell him the plan as soon as I see him.我一看到他就告訴他這個(gè)計(jì)劃He’ll go home as soon as he finishes his work.他一完成工作就回家3?be busy/enjoy/hate/go on/finish doing sth. 忙于/喜歡/討厭/繼續(xù)/完成做某事在enjoy, finish, hate, go on, be busy等詞語后，一般用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語。

例如：Lin Tao is busy making a model plane.林濤正忙著做飛機(jī)模型My mother enjoys taking a walk after supper.我媽媽喜歡晚飯后散步I hate watching Channel Five.我討厭看五頻道When someone asked him to have a rest, he just went on working.當(dāng)有人讓他休息一會(huì)兒時(shí)，他仍繼續(xù)工作I have finished writing the story.我已經(jīng)寫完了故事4 fill…with 用……裝滿......；be filled with 充滿了……；be full of 充滿了......① be filled with 說明由外界事物造成的此種狀態(tài)，表示被動(dòng)例如：The box is filled with food.盒子里裝滿了食物② be full of說明主語處于的狀態(tài)此外，還可表示程度，意為“非?！崩纾篢he patient’s room is full of flowers.那個(gè)病人的房間擺滿了花The young man is full of pride.那個(gè)年輕人非常驕傲。

③ 這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)還可以相互改寫例如：I fill the box with food.?我把盒子裝滿食物The box is full of food.盒子里裝滿了食物5?be good/bad for?有利于/有害于……此句型是：be+adj.+for+n.結(jié)構(gòu)例如：Doing morning exercises is good for your health.做早操對(duì)你的健康有益Always playing computer games is bad for your study.總玩電腦游戲?qū)δ愕膶W(xué)習(xí)不利6?be used to(doing) sth.?習(xí)慣于……后必須接名詞或動(dòng)名詞，可用于現(xiàn)在、過去、將來的多種時(shí)態(tài)be 可用get,become來代替例如：He is used to life in the country.(He is used to living in the country.)他習(xí)慣于鄉(xiāng)村生活He will get used to getting up early.他將會(huì)習(xí)慣于早起注意：be used to do 的意思是“被用來做……”例如：Wood is used to make paper.木材被用來造紙。

7?both…and…兩者都……用來連接兩個(gè)并列成分;當(dāng)連接兩個(gè)并列主語時(shí)，其后謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)例如：Both the students and the teachers will go to the History Museum tomorrow.不論老師還是學(xué)生明天都會(huì)去歷史博物館8?can’t help doing sth. 禁不住做某事help在此的意思是“抑制,忍住”，其后接動(dòng)詞-ing形式例如：His joke is too funny. We can’t help laughing.他的笑話太有趣了，我們禁不止笑了起來9?sth. costs sb. some money 某物花費(fèi)某人多少錢此句型的主語是物cost一詞帶的是雙賓語，它的過去式、過去分詞和原型一樣例如：This book cost me five yuan.這本書花了我五元錢10?either…or… 不是……就是……,或者……或者……用來連接兩個(gè)并列成分，當(dāng)連接并列主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與鄰近的主語保持一致You may either stay here or go home.你可以呆在這兒，也可以回家Either she or I am right. = Either I or she is right.不是她對(duì)就是我對(duì)。

11?enough (for sb.) to do sth. 足夠……做……在此結(jié)構(gòu)中,for用來引出不定式的邏輯主語例如：The ice isn’t thick enough for you to walk on.這冰還沒有厚到你可以在上面走的程度12?feel like doing sth. 想要做……此處like為介詞，后面跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式此句型與would like to do sth.同義例如：I feel like drinking a cup of milk.我想喝一杯牛奶13?feel/find/think it adj./n. to do sth. 認(rèn)為某事……在此結(jié)構(gòu)中it為形式賓語，不定式短語作真正的賓語例如：I find it very interesting to play football.我發(fā)現(xiàn)踢足球很有趣She thinks it her duty to help us.她認(rèn)為幫助我們是她的職責(zé)14?get ready for sth./ to do sth.get ready for sth.意為“為某事做準(zhǔn)備”；get ready to do sth.意為“準(zhǔn)備做某事”例如：We are getting ready for the meeting.我們正在為會(huì)議做準(zhǔn)備。

They were getting ready to have a sports meet at that moment.他們那時(shí)正準(zhǔn)備開運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)15?get/receive/have a letter from 收到……的來信相當(dāng)于hear from ?例如：Did you receive a letter from John?你收到約翰的來信了嗎?I got a letter from my brother yesterday.我昨天收到了我弟弟的一封來信16?had better (not) do sth. 最好(別)做某事had better為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，其后需用動(dòng)詞原形had better常用縮寫，變成’d better，其否定形式是在其后直接加not例如：We had better go now. = We’d better go now.我們最好現(xiàn)在走吧You’d better not go out because it is windy.今天刮風(fēng)，你最好別出去了17?have sth. done 使(某事)完成 (動(dòng)作由別人完成)sth.為賓語，done為過去分詞作補(bǔ)語例如：We had the machine repaired.我們請(qǐng)人把機(jī)器修好了。

注意區(qū)分：We have repaired the machine.?我們(自己)已經(jīng)修好了機(jī)器18?help sb. (to) do sth./with sth. 幫助某人(做)某事其中的to可以省略例如：I often help my mother with housework.我常常幫助媽媽做家務(wù)Would you please help me (to) look up these words?請(qǐng)你幫助我查查這些詞好嗎?19?How do you like……? 你認(rèn)為……怎么樣?與what do you think of …?同義例如：How do you like the weather in Beijing?你認(rèn)為北京的天氣怎么樣? 你覺得這部新電影如何?20?I don’t think/believe that… 我認(rèn)我/相信……不……其中的not是對(duì)賓語從句進(jìn)行否定而不是對(duì)主句否定(否定前移)that可省略例如：I don’t think it will rain.我認(rèn)為天不會(huì)下雨I don’t believe the girl will come.我相信那女孩不會(huì)來了。

21?It happens that… 碰巧……相當(dāng)于happen to do例如：It happened that I heard their secret.可改寫為：I happened to hear their secret.我碰巧聽到了他們的秘密22?It’s/has been +一段時(shí)間+since從句 自從某時(shí)起做某件事情已經(jīng)一段時(shí)間了該句型中since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句常用一般過去時(shí)例如：It’s twenty years since he came here.他來這里已經(jīng)20年了It has been six years since he married Mary.他和瑪麗結(jié)婚已經(jīng)六年了23?It is +adj./n. + for sb. to do sth. 做某事對(duì)某人來說……It是形式主語，真正的主語是不定式to do sth例如：It’s not easy for us to study English well.對(duì)我們來說學(xué)好英語并不容易It’s a good idea for us to travel to the south.去南方旅行對(duì)我們來說是個(gè)好主意。

4?It’s + adj. + of sb. to do sth.It是形式主語，to do sth.是真正的主語, 當(dāng)表語(即形容詞)能對(duì)邏輯主語描述時(shí)，常用介詞of,而不用for例如：It’s very polite of you to give your seat to old people.你給老人讓座，非常有禮貌25?It seems/appears （to sb） that… (在某人看來)好像……此句中的it是主語，that引導(dǎo)的是表語從句例如：It seems that he is lying.?看樣子他好像是在撒謊It appears to me that he never smiles.?在我看來，他從來沒有笑過26?It is +數(shù)詞+metres/kilometers long/wide… ……是多少米(公里)長(zhǎng)(寬)用來表示物體的長(zhǎng)(寬,高)，如數(shù)詞大于一，名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)例如：It is 20 metres long from this end to that end.?從這端到那端有二十米長(zhǎng)27?It’s time for sb. to do sth. 是某人干某事的時(shí)候了it是形式主語，真正的主語是動(dòng)詞不定式to do sth.?例如：It’s time for the child to go to bed.孩子該睡覺了。

比較下面兩種結(jié)構(gòu)：① It’s time for + n. 例如：It’s time for school.② It’s time to do sth. 例如：It’s time to go to school.28?It takes sb. some time to do sth.?花費(fèi)某人多少時(shí)間做某事it是形式主語，真正的主語是動(dòng)詞不定式to do sth例如：It takes her fifteen minutes to walk to the bus stop from here.從這兒走著到公交車站將花費(fèi)她15分鐘It took the old man three days to finish the work.那個(gè)老人花了三天時(shí)間完成這項(xiàng)工作29?keep (on) doing sth. 一直堅(jiān)持做某事keep doing sth.一般用于靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞keep on doing sth.意為“繼續(xù)不停地做某事”，一般用于動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞，但二者的區(qū)別并不是很嚴(yán)格，有時(shí)可以互換例如：Don’t keep on doing such foolish things.不要再做這樣的傻事了He kept sitting there all day.他整天坐在那里。

30?keep…from doing sth. 阻止......做某事相當(dāng)于stop…from doing sth., prevent…from doing sth. 在主動(dòng)句中，stop和prevent后面的from可以省略，但在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中，from不可以省略例如：Please keep the children from swimming in the sea.請(qǐng)別讓孩子到海里游泳The big noise outside my room stopped me from doing my homework.屋外巨大的噪音使我不能做作業(yè)。