高中英語(yǔ)讀后續(xù)寫中常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤例析(詞性問(wèn)題)

英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)不僅在遣詞造句、句型搭配、習(xí)慣用法等方面有很大的差別，就是在詞性方面也有很大的差別，并且這種差別有時(shí)會(huì)使同學(xué)們?cè)趯懽鲿r(shí)稍不小心就釀成錯(cuò)誤如：誤用：Unfortunately, my car broke down and I was stuck here?during?it was being repaired.改為：Unfortunately, my car broke down and I was stuck here?while?it was being repaired.說(shuō)明：during?是介詞，后接名詞或代詞，不接句子又如：He confidently authorized me to act for him while he is abroad.?他信任地委托我在他出國(guó)期間代行他的事務(wù)句意：不幸的是，我的車壞了，在修車的時(shí)候，我就被困在那里了誤用：He used to be very anxious if he had to make a speech,?even?it was only a speech to his old school.改為：He used to be very anxious if he had to make a speech,?even if?it was only a speech to his old school.說(shuō)明：從語(yǔ)義上看，even?和?even if都可表示“即使”，但是兩者的詞性不同：even?是副詞，even if?是連詞。

比如：It was cold there even in July.?那里即使在七月，天氣都很冷Even if I have to walk all the way I’ll get there.?即使我得一路走著去，我也要走到那里句意：如果他要演講，他總是焦急不安，哪怕演講是在以前呆過(guò)的學(xué)校進(jìn)行誤用：With?the cost of keeping money in the bank increases, so it’s spent faster.改為：As?the cost of keeping money in the bank increases, so it’s spent faster.說(shuō)明：雖然?with?和?as?均可表示“隨著”，但詞性不同：with?是介詞，后接名詞或代詞，而?as?用于此義時(shí)是連詞，后接句子比較：He will improve as he grows older.?隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，他會(huì)進(jìn)步的People’s ideas change with the change of the times.?時(shí)代變了，人們的觀念也會(huì)變化句意：隨著在銀行存錢的費(fèi)用增加，人們的錢花得也更快了。

誤用：She crawled?cross?the floor, her eyes stinging from the smoke.改為：She crawled?across?the floor, her eyes stinging from the smoke.說(shuō)明：?across?和?cross?均可表示“橫過(guò)”、“穿過(guò)”，但詞性不同：across?是介詞，cross?是動(dòng)詞比較：cross the street?橫過(guò)馬路?/ walk across the street?走過(guò)馬路；cross a river?過(guò)河，渡河?/ swim across a river?游過(guò)河句意：她從地板上爬過(guò)去，眼睛被煙熏得直痛誤用：We were driving around outside when unfortunately three old ladies emerged from the hotel and came?straightly?across in front of us.改為：We were driving around outside when unfortunately three old ladies emerged from the hotel and came?straight?across in front of us.說(shuō)明：在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中，straight?既可用作形容詞，也可用作副詞。

straightly這個(gè)副詞形式在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中已被廢棄，許多詞典均不再收錄此詞又如：We enjoy fresh vegetables and fruit, straight from the garden: fresh orange juice, fresh fish, fresh bread.?我們享用直接從果菜園采摘的新鮮的蔬菜和水果、新鮮的橘汁、新鮮的魚(yú)、新鮮的面包句意：我們正在外面開(kāi)車兜風(fēng)時(shí)，倒霉的是有三位老年婦女突然從飯店出來(lái)，直接從我們面前穿過(guò)誤用：He fell down to the ground, his mouth open and eyes?close.改為：He fell down to the ground, his mouth open and eyes?closed.說(shuō)明：open?和?close?均可用作動(dòng)詞，前者表示“開(kāi)”，后者表示“關(guān)”，是一對(duì)反義詞，如：Please open your mouth.(請(qǐng)張開(kāi)嘴)，Please close your mouth. (請(qǐng)閉上嘴)但是?open?和?close?也可用作形容詞，此時(shí)前者意為“開(kāi)著的”，后者意為“接近的”、“親近的”等，而并不表示“關(guān)著的”，要表示“關(guān)著的”，英語(yǔ)用?closed，即用作形容詞時(shí)，open?與close?不是一對(duì)反義詞，而與?closed?才是反義詞。

句意：他倒在地上，嘴張開(kāi)著，眼睛閉著誤用：It was at the tip of my tongue to tell him,?suddenly?the phone rang.誤用：It was at the tip of my tongue to tell him,?when?the phone rang.說(shuō)明：從句意看，用suddenly?并不錯(cuò)；但從句法來(lái)分析，空白處前后各為一個(gè)句子，而?suddenly?是副詞，顯然不承擔(dān)起連接兩個(gè)句子的重任而when?用作并列連詞，可表示“這時(shí)（突然）”的意思又如：We were about to start, when it rained.?我們正要開(kāi)始，就下起雨來(lái)了She was walking down the road when she heard someone shouting for help.?她正在路上走著，突然聽(tīng)見(jiàn)有人呼救不過(guò)，如果將?when?改為?and suddenly?也是可以的句意：我差點(diǎn)就要告訴他了，這時(shí)突然電話鈴響了誤用：He used to?afraid?of heights but he has got over that now.?改為：He used to?be afraid?of heights but he has got over that now.?說(shuō)明：因?yàn)?afraid?是形容詞，不是動(dòng)詞，故其前的?be?不可省略。

又如：No matter what happens I’ll stand by you. so don’t be afraid.?不管發(fā)生什么事我都支持你，別怕Nobody need be afraid of catching the disease.?沒(méi)人有必要擔(dān)心染上這個(gè)病句意：他過(guò)去有恐高癥，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)沒(méi)了誤用：Do?these students against the plan made by the teachers?改為：Are?these students against the plan made by the teachers?說(shuō)明：誤用句主要是沒(méi)有意識(shí)到其后的?against?是介詞，而不是動(dòng)詞又如：Are you for it or against it??你是贊成還是反對(duì)？句意：這些學(xué)生反對(duì)老師們作出的決定嗎？誤用：There was a switch in the schedule, so we met in the morning?instead?the afternoon.改為：There was a switch in the schedule, so we met in the morning?instead of?the afternoon.說(shuō)明：instead?為副詞，其后不能接賓語(yǔ)；instead of?是介詞，其后可接賓語(yǔ)。

又如：You should encourage her in her attempts to become a doctor, instead of being so negative about it.?你應(yīng)該對(duì)他想要成為醫(yī)生的想法給予鼓勵(lì)，而不該對(duì)此抱那么消極的態(tài)度She opted for a winter vacation, instead of one in the summer.?她選擇了在冬天休假而不是在夏天休假句意：時(shí)間表上有一處變動(dòng)，我們?cè)谏衔缍皇窍挛玳_(kāi)會(huì)誤用：Even if we could afford it, we wouldn’t?go to the abroad?for our holidays.改為：Even if we could afford it, we wouldn’t?go?abroad?for our holidays.說(shuō)明：誤用句主要是將?abroad?誤認(rèn)為是名詞而其實(shí)?abroad?是副詞又如：He was facing a difficult choice between staying with his family or working abroad.?他正面臨著是和家人呆在一起還是到國(guó)外工作的艱難抉擇。

句意：即使我們有能力，我們也不去國(guó)外度假。