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高中英語(yǔ)閱讀、語(yǔ)法、短文改錯(cuò)口訣

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  • 讀分精泛,快慢相間;預(yù)想在先,生詞不看;抓住觀點(diǎn),重點(diǎn)三看;行云流水,字里行間;材料觀點(diǎn),銘記心間;牢記問(wèn)題,抓住關(guān)鍵;回問(wèn)查看,比較選項(xiàng);選擇答案,排除在先;先易后難,不可弄反;調(diào)整節(jié)奏,計(jì)時(shí)答完;表達(dá)方式,必須牢記;防止遺忘,勤于動(dòng)筆;邊答邊查,防止題落;節(jié)省時(shí)間,避免遺憾?高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)口訣為了提高做短文改錯(cuò)題的能力,除了要加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的積累、提高語(yǔ)篇的整體理解能力之外,還應(yīng)該對(duì)其錯(cuò)項(xiàng)設(shè)置的基本情況有所了解,以便做到目標(biāo)明確,有的放矢,從而提高解題的正確率本文擬從語(yǔ)法和邏輯的角度,用口訣的形式,向同學(xué)們介紹高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)中最常見(jiàn)的幾類錯(cuò)誤短文改錯(cuò)口訣:動(dòng)詞形,名詞數(shù);注意形和副;非謂動(dòng)詞細(xì)辨別;習(xí)慣用法要記??;句子成分多分析;邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注一. 動(dòng)詞形主要包括兩類錯(cuò)誤:動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤,以及主、謂不一致的錯(cuò)誤例如:My favourite sport is football. I was member of our school football team. (is)Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. (are)上述兩例分別屬于時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤和主、謂不一致錯(cuò)誤。

    找出此類錯(cuò)誤的關(guān)鍵是樹(shù)立牢固的時(shí)態(tài)概念,注意短文內(nèi)容發(fā)生或存在的時(shí)間,保持時(shí)間概念的一致性二. 名詞數(shù)指名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式的用法錯(cuò)誤常表現(xiàn)為將名詞復(fù)數(shù)寫成單數(shù)例如:…so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject. (subjects)三. 區(qū)分形和副及區(qū)分形容詞和副詞在句子中的作用和具體用法這也是高考短文改錯(cuò)的??键c(diǎn)例如:I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. (wonderful)Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunately)需要注意的是,形容詞多用來(lái)做定、表、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)等,而副詞只能在句子中作狀語(yǔ),修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子第一例中的wonderful作定語(yǔ)修飾time,第二句的Unfortunately作狀語(yǔ)修飾整個(gè)句子四. 非謂動(dòng)詞細(xì)辨別這是考查最多的錯(cuò)誤形式之一主要有分詞和動(dòng)名詞類錯(cuò)誤,也包括不定式類錯(cuò)誤例如:…in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interested)Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also … (playing)My parents love me… and will do all they can ∧ make sure… (to)上述二、三例分別是動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ),和不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。

    一般的,現(xiàn)在分詞有主動(dòng)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)的含義,而過(guò)去分詞具有被動(dòng)態(tài)和完成時(shí)的含義,不定式有將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的含義五. 習(xí)慣用法要記住主要考查習(xí)慣搭配方面的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)這也是歷年高考的??键c(diǎn),其錯(cuò)誤表現(xiàn)形式主要有三種:多詞、少詞和搭配錯(cuò)誤例如:It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and… (of)We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ ourselves. (of)六. 句子成分多分析不同的句子成分要用不同的詞類;不同的語(yǔ)景要選擇不同的詞語(yǔ)這些都有待我們對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子成分作細(xì)致的分析,才能找出用詞不當(dāng)?shù)腻e(cuò)誤例如:They ∧eager to know everything about China and… (were)I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (which)第一例漏掉了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞were,這是受寒于習(xí)慣的影響而導(dǎo)致的錯(cuò)誤;第二例則是詞類與它在句子中的成分不相符,where是副詞,不能作主語(yǔ)。

    七. 邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注與句子的上、下文不一致,甚至相矛盾,屬于邏輯性錯(cuò)誤如稱謂上的張冠李戴,人名、地名、時(shí)間、方位等方面的錯(cuò)誤,常是這類錯(cuò)誤的考查對(duì)象例如:The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. (their)First, let me tell you something more about myself. (去掉more)… no way of setting the matter except by selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead. (everyone)上述第一例中的主語(yǔ)是Smiths(史密斯夫婦倆),因此后面的his不合邏輯第二例中的more在這兒表“再”的意思,才開(kāi)始告訴別人,怎么能說(shuō)“再告訴你一些事”?第三例講的是為了解決看電視時(shí)的爭(zhēng)端,“我們”把電視機(jī)賣了;晚上沒(méi)電視看了,所以與從前一樣,大家又都讀書了,所以該用everyone除了上述錯(cuò)誤類型外,常考的錯(cuò)誤形式還有:連詞but, and, or和so的用法錯(cuò)誤(可以歸類為邏輯錯(cuò)誤),以及冠詞的用法錯(cuò)誤等。

    例如:She was smiling but nodding at me. (and)It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. (or)We may be one family and live under a same roof. (the)下面是2002年全國(guó)高考試題中的短文改錯(cuò)題這道題較全面地反映了本文的口訣現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)你試著做一做,然后參閱題后的答案與簡(jiǎn)析Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to EmeiMountain in Sichuan. As everyone knows,it’s famous 76. _____Mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. The weather 77. _____Was fine. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of 78. _____the mountain,the three of them were very excited. As we 79. _____climbed the mountain,we ed monkeys,visiting temples 80. _____and told stories. On the way up I was busy taking picture 81._____since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. 82. _____Evening came down. We spent the night in a hotel at the top 83. _____of the mountain. The food was expensive and the service was 84. _____good. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my 85. _____head touched the pillow.答案與簡(jiǎn)析:76. famous前加上a.(名詞數(shù))77. 正確78. we前面加when,引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。

    句子成分多分析)79. them→us (邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注)80. visiting→visited(非謂動(dòng)詞細(xì)辨別)81. picture→pictures(名詞數(shù))82. passes→passed(動(dòng)詞形)83. 去掉down(習(xí)慣用法要記?。?4. and→but(but,and,or和so)85. 去掉at(句子成分多分析 / 習(xí)慣用法要記住)改錯(cuò)要想拿高分語(yǔ)法口訣要記牢(一)????見(jiàn)到謂語(yǔ)找主語(yǔ),主謂一致找狀語(yǔ)見(jiàn)到名詞想多數(shù),可不可數(shù)要記牢見(jiàn)到平行看結(jié)構(gòu),形式功能要對(duì)稱見(jiàn)到代詞找指代,指代通常不合理帶賓語(yǔ)必帶to,不帶賓語(yǔ)不帶 to小小of常抓的點(diǎn),of前名詞adj最高級(jí)比較級(jí)不修飾比較級(jí),最高級(jí)不修飾最高級(jí)(二)謂與非謂經(jīng)常混謂語(yǔ)句中就一個(gè)其余動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)形式有三種v-ing ,v-ed和to do主謂通常v-ing動(dòng)賓通常v-ed現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)目的要用不定式by前有過(guò)去分詞相擁by后有動(dòng)名詞后抱介詞后跟動(dòng)名詞時(shí)態(tài)基點(diǎn)要搞清現(xiàn)在還是過(guò)去時(shí)(三)規(guī)則是說(shuō)謊???lie???lied???lied不規(guī)則是躺???lie???lay???lain躺過(guò)就下蛋???lay???laid??laid?高中英語(yǔ):介詞運(yùn)用記憶口訣早、午、晚要用in,at黎明、午夜、點(diǎn)與分。

    年、月、年月、季節(jié)、周,陽(yáng)光、燈、影、衣、冒in將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)in...以后,小處at大處in有形with無(wú)形by,語(yǔ)言、單位、材料in特征、方面與方式,心情成語(yǔ)慣用in介詞at和to表方向,攻擊、位置、惡、善分日子、日期、年月日,星期加上早、午、晚,收音、農(nóng)場(chǎng)、值日on,關(guān)于、基礎(chǔ)、*、著論著、罷、出售、偷、公、假,故意、支付、相反,準(zhǔn)特定時(shí)日和"一……就",on后常接動(dòng)名詞年、月、日加早、午、晚,of之前on代in步行、驢、馬、玩笑on,cab,carriage則用inat山腳、門口、在當(dāng)前,速、溫、日落、價(jià)、核心工具、和、同隨with,具有、獨(dú)立、就、原因就……來(lái)說(shuō)賓譯主,對(duì)、有、方狀、表細(xì)分海、陸、空、車、偶、被by,單數(shù)、人類know to manthis、that、tomorrow,yesterday,next、last、one接年、月、季、星期、周,介詞省略已習(xí)慣over、under正上下,above、below則不然,若與數(shù)量詞連用,混合使用亦無(wú)關(guān)'beyond超出、無(wú)、不能,against*著,對(duì)與反besides,except分內(nèi)外,among之內(nèi)along沿同類比較except,加for異類記心間。

    原狀because of,、 owing to、 due to表語(yǔ)形容詞under后接修、建中,of、from物、化分before、after表一點(diǎn), ago、later表一段before能接完成時(shí),ago過(guò)去極有限since以來(lái)during間,since時(shí)態(tài)多變換與之相比beside,除了last but one復(fù)不定for、找、價(jià)、原,對(duì)、給、段、去、為、作、贊快到、對(duì)、向towards,工、學(xué)、軍、城、北、上、南but for否定用虛擬,復(fù)合介詞待后言ing型由于鑒,除了除外與包合之后、關(guān)于、在......方面,有關(guān)介詞須記全in內(nèi)to外表位置,山、水、國(guó)界to在前早、午、晚要用in  例:in the morning 在早上  in the afternoon 在下午  in the evening 在晚上  in the day 在白天  at黎明、午、夜、點(diǎn)與分  例: at dawn, at daybreak 在黎明時(shí)候  at noon 在中午  at night 在夜間  at midnight 在午夜  以上短語(yǔ)都不用冠詞  at six o'clock 在6點(diǎn)鐘  at 7:30 (seven thirty) 在7點(diǎn)半  at half past eleven 在11點(diǎn)半  at nine fifteen 在9點(diǎn)15分  at ten thirty a.m. 在上午10點(diǎn)30分  也可以寫成  seven to five 5點(diǎn)差7分(半小時(shí)以上)  five minutes after two 2點(diǎn)過(guò)5分  at a quarter to two 1點(diǎn)45分  at the weekend 在周末年、月、年月、季節(jié)、周  即在"來(lái)年",在"某月",在"某年某月" (但在某年某月某  日則用on),在四季,在第幾周等都要用in。

      例;in 1986 在1986年  in 1927 在1927年  in April 在四月  in March 在三月  in December 1986 1986年12月  in July l983 1983年7月  in spring 在春季 in summer 在夏季  in autumn 在秋季 in winter 在冬季  in the fist week of this semester 這學(xué)期的第一周  in the third week 在第三周  陽(yáng)光、燈、影、衣、冒 in,  即在陽(yáng)光下,在燈下,在樹(shù)陰下,穿衣、著裝、冒雨等都要用in  例:Don't read in dim light. 切勿在暗淡的燈光下看書  They are reviewing their lessons in the bright light. 他們?cè)诿髁恋臒艄庀聫?fù)習(xí)功課  They are sitting in the shade of a tree. 他們坐在樹(shù)陰下乘涼  a prisoner in irons 帶著鐐銬的囚犯  He went in the rain to meet me at the station. 他冒雨到車站去接我。

      The poor dressed (clothed) in rags in old society. 舊社會(huì)窮人們衣衫襤褸.以及:in the bright sunlight 在明亮的陽(yáng)光下  a merchant in disguise 喬裝的商人  the woman in white (black, red, yellow) 穿著白(黑、紅、黃)色衣服的婦女  in uniform 穿著制服  in mourning 穿著喪服  in brown shoes 穿著棕色鞋  in his shirt sleeves 穿著襯衫將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)in...以后  例: They will come back in 10 days. 他們將10天以后回來(lái)  I'll come round in a day or two. 我一兩天就回來(lái)  We'll be back in no time. 我們一會(huì)兒就回來(lái)  Come and see me in two days' time. 兩天后來(lái)看我從現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始)  after... (從過(guò)去開(kāi)始)小處at大處in  例:Li and I arrived at Heishan county safe and sound, all is well. Don't worry. 李和我平安地到達(dá)黑山縣,一切很好,勿念。

      I live in a great city (big city), my sister lives at a small town while my parents live at a village. 我住在大城市,我姐姐住在一個(gè)小城鎮(zhèn),而我的父母則住在農(nóng)村  I'm in Liaoning, at Anshan. 我住在遼寧省鞍山市.  有形with無(wú)形by,語(yǔ)言 、單位、材料in例:The workers are paving a road with stone. 工人們正用石子鋪路有形)  The teacher is correcting the paper with a new pen. 這位教師正用一支新筆批改論文有形)  "Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy" is a good opera. <<智取威虎山>>是-出好戲無(wú)形)  The product is separated by distilation into gasoline and gas oil. 這種產(chǎn)品是用蒸餾分離出氣油和粗柴油表示方式、手段、方法--無(wú)形)  I really can't express my idea in English freely in-deed.我確實(shí)不能用英語(yǔ)流利地表達(dá)我的思想。

    表示某種語(yǔ)言用in)  I wrote a novel in Russian. 我用俄語(yǔ)寫了一本小說(shuō)同上)  The kilometer is the biggest unit of length in the metric system.公里是米制中最長(zhǎng)的長(zhǎng)度單位表示度、量、衡單位的用in )  The length is measured in meter, kilometre, and centimetre. 長(zhǎng)度是以米、公里、厘米為單位來(lái)計(jì)算的同上)  This board was cast in bronze not in gold. 這個(gè)牌匾是銅鑄的,不是金鑄的  特征、方面與方式、心情、成語(yǔ)慣用in  特征或狀態(tài):  例: The Democratic Party was then in power. 那時(shí)民主黨執(zhí)政  They found the patient in a coma. 他們發(fā)現(xiàn)病人處于昏迷狀態(tài)  He has not been in good health for some years. 他幾年來(lái)身體一直不好  Many who came in despair went away in hope. 許多人帶著絕望情緒而來(lái),卻滿懷希望而去。

      The house was in ruins. 這房屋成了廢墟  The poor girl was in tears. 這個(gè)貧苦女孩淚流滿面Her clothes were in rags. 她的衣跟穿破了  His shoes were in holes. 他的鞋穿出窟窿了  I only said it in fun. 我說(shuō)這話只是開(kāi)玩笑的  She spoke in grief rather than in anger. 與其說(shuō)她講得很氣憤,不如說(shuō)她講得很傷心  還有一些短語(yǔ)也用in,如:  in jest 詼諧地,in joke 開(kāi)玩笑地,in spite 惡意地, in fairness 公正地,in revenge 報(bào)復(fù), in mercy 寬大,in sorrow 傷心地等  His mind was in great confusion. 他腦子里很亂  Today everybody is in high spirits and no one is in low ebb. 今天大家都興高采烈,沒(méi)有一個(gè)情緒低落的  She and her classmates are in flower ages. 她和她的同學(xué)都正值妙齡。

      The compaign was in full swing. 運(yùn)動(dòng)正值高潮中  方面:  例:we accepted the item in principle. 我們?cè)谠瓌t上接受了這個(gè)條款They are never backward in giving their views. 他們從來(lái)不怕發(fā)表自己的意見(jiàn)  The backward area has achieved self-sufficient in grain. 這個(gè)落后的地區(qū)在糧食方面已能自給  A good teacher must be an example in study. 一個(gè)好的教師必須是學(xué)習(xí)的模范  方式:  例:All the speeches were taken down in shorthand. 所有報(bào)告都用速記記錄下來(lái)了  The Party has always educated us in the spirit of patriotism and internationalism. 黨一貫以愛(ài)國(guó)主義和國(guó)際主義精神教育我們  如下成語(yǔ)慣用in  例如:in all 總計(jì)  in advance 事前  in the meantime 與此同時(shí)  in place 適當(dāng)?shù)亍 n hopes of(或in the hope of) 懷著.......希望  in connection with 和……有關(guān)  in contact with 和……聯(lián)系  in addition to 除......以外  in case of 倘若,萬(wàn)一  in conflict with 和......沖突  in force 有效的,大批  in depth 徹底地  in regard to 關(guān)于  in the neighborhood of 大約、鄰近  in retrospect 回顧,一想起  in behalf of 代表......利益  in the least 一點(diǎn),絲毫  in alarm 驚慌、擔(dān)心  in the opinion of 據(jù)……見(jiàn)解  in the long run 從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)說(shuō)來(lái)in one's opinion 在……看來(lái)  in word 口頭上  in a word 總之  in vain 無(wú)益地, 白白地  in case 如果,萬(wàn)一,以防  in detail 詳細(xì)地  in haste 急急忙忙地  in conclusion 總之  in spite of 盡管  in other words... 換句話說(shuō)  in return 作為回報(bào)  in the name of 以......名義  be confident in 對(duì)......有信心  be interested in 對(duì)......感興趣  in doubt 懷疑  in love 戀愛(ài)中  in debt 負(fù)債  in fun (jest、joke) 玩笑地  in hesitation 猶豫不決  in wonder 在驚奇中  in public (secret) 公開(kāi)他(秘密地)in a good humour 心情(情緒)好  "介詞at、to表方向,攻擊、位置、善、惡、分"。

      介詞at和to都可以表示方向; 用at表示方向時(shí),側(cè)重于攻擊的目標(biāo),往往表示惡意;用to表示方向時(shí),突出運(yùn)動(dòng)的位置或動(dòng)作的對(duì)象,側(cè)重表示善意試比較下列各句:  1. A.She came at me. 她向我撲過(guò)來(lái)  B.She came to me. 她向我走過(guò)來(lái)  2.A.Jake ran at John. 幾 杰克向約翰撲過(guò)去  B.Jake ran to John. 杰克朝約翰跑去  3.A. He rushed at the woman with a sword. 他拿著劍向那婦女撲過(guò)去  B. He rushed to the woman with a sword. 他帶著劍向那婦女跑過(guò)去  4.A.He shouted at the old man. 他大聲喝斥那老人  B. He shouted to the old man. 他大聲向那老人說(shuō)  5.A.I heard her muttering at Xiao Li. 我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她在抱怨小李  B.I heard her muttering to Xiao Li. 我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她在同小李低聲說(shuō)話  6.A. She talked at you just now. 她剛才還說(shuō)你壞話呢。

      B.She talked to you just now. 她剛才還同你談話呢.  7.A.She threw a bone at the dog. 她用一塊骨頭砸狗  B.She threw a bone to the dog. 她把一塊骨頭扔給狗吃8.A.He presented a pistol at me. 他用手槍對(duì)著我  B.He presented a pistol to me. 他贈(zèng)送我一支手槍  日子、日期、年月日,星期加上早午晚; 以下皆用on例: on Octorber the first 1949 1949年10月1日  on February the thirteenth l893 1893年2月13日  on May the first 5月1日  on the first 1號(hào)  on the sixteenth 16號(hào)  on the second of January 或 on January the second 1月2日on a summer evening 在夏天的一個(gè)夜晚  on Boxing Day 在節(jié)禮日(圣誕節(jié)次日)  on New Year's Day 在元旦  on my birthday 在我的生日  但 in the Christmas holidays在圣誕節(jié)假期; in the eighteenth century 在十八世紀(jì); in ancient times 在古代; in earlier times 在早期; in modern times 在現(xiàn)代,則用in,the present time 現(xiàn)在,at the present day當(dāng)今則用at。

      on May Day 在"五·一"節(jié)  on winter day 在冬天  on Decenber 12th 1950 l950年12月12日  on Sunday 在星期天  on Monday 在星期一  on Tuesday morning 星期二早晨  on Saturday afternoon 星期六下午  on Friday evening 星期五晚上但last night 昨夜;in the evening 在晚上; on time準(zhǔn)時(shí),in time及時(shí),等則不同  年月日,加早午晚,of之前on代in  例:on the morning of 18th 18日早晨  on the evening of 4th 4日晚上  On the eve of their departure they gave a farewell banquet and their head gave a garewell speech. 他們?cè)谂R行前夕舉行了一次告別宴會(huì),他們的團(tuán)長(zhǎng)發(fā)表了告別講話  收音、農(nóng)場(chǎng),值日on  例:Did your supervisor like the story over (or on) the radio last night?  您的導(dǎo)師喜歡昨天從收音機(jī)里聽(tīng)到的故事嗎?  I heard the news over (or on) the radio. 我從收音機(jī)里聽(tīng)到了這一條消息。

      taIk over the radio 由無(wú)線電播音  on TV 從電視里......  hear something on the wireless 在無(wú)線電里聽(tīng)到  My brother works on an Army reclamation farm. 我哥哥在一個(gè)軍墾農(nóng)場(chǎng)工作  The students are working on a school farm. 學(xué)生們正在校辦農(nóng)場(chǎng)勞動(dòng)  This is a farmer's house on a farm. 這是農(nóng)場(chǎng)的農(nóng)舍  Who is on duty, tody? 今天誰(shuí)值日?  We go on duty at 8 a.m. 我們上午8點(diǎn)鐘上班關(guān)于、基礎(chǔ)、*、著論  例: This afternoon we are going to listen to a report on the international situation. 今天下午我們要聽(tīng)關(guān)于國(guó)際形勢(shì)的報(bào)告  Professor Shen will give us a talk on travelling in America. 申教授將給我們做關(guān)于美國(guó)之行的報(bào)告。

      You are wrong on all these issues. 在這些問(wèn)題上你的看法都錯(cuò)了  The belief is based on practical experience. 這種信念是以實(shí)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)為基礎(chǔ)的  Theory must be based on practice. 理論必須以實(shí)踐為基礎(chǔ)  The people in the south live on rice. 南方人主食大米)  The citizens live on their salaries. 城市人*薪金生活  You can't afford luxuries, on an income of 100 yuan a month. *月薪100元的收入,你是買不起奢侈品的  Her pet dogs were fed on the choicest food. 她用精飼料喂養(yǎng)她心愛(ài)的狗  He is just a scrounger, who lives on other people. 他正是一個(gè)小偷,專*損害別人過(guò)日子  Keep the kettle on the boil (=boiling). 讓水壺的水一直開(kāi)著。

      The enemy are on the run (=running). 敵人在逃跑  on后接the加上一個(gè)作名詞的動(dòng)詞.其意義與現(xiàn)在分詞所表達(dá)的相近類似例子很多如:  on the march在行軍中,on the mend 在好轉(zhuǎn)中,on the prowl徘徊,on the move活動(dòng)中,on the scrounge巧取豪奪(埋語(yǔ)),on the go活躍,忙碌,on the lookout注意, 警戒,on the watch監(jiān)視著on the hop趁不備抓住某人等等  on the People's Democratic Dictatorship<<實(shí)踐論>>和<<矛盾論>>  on the People's Democratic Dictatorship<<論人民民主專政>>"on Coalition Government" <<論聯(lián)合政府>>著、罷、出售、偷、公、假,故意、支付,相反、準(zhǔn)  注:口訣中的"著"是指著火,罷指罷工,偷指偷偷地,公指出差、辦公事;假指休假,準(zhǔn)指準(zhǔn)時(shí)  例:The house next to mine was on fire. 我鄰居的房子著火了。

      The workers of the railway station were on strike. 鐵路工人罷工了  Grapes and big water melons from Sinkiang are on sale on a large sale. 新疆葡萄和西瓜大量上市了  do something on the sly (quiet). 秘密地(暗地里,偷偷地)做某事  I've come here on business. 我是有公事來(lái)的  They went to Bern on a mission. 他們到伯爾尼去執(zhí)行一項(xiàng)使命  They has been away on a long trip. 他們出去做一次長(zhǎng)途旅行  I'll go home on leave next month. 下月我將休假回家  I went on business to Shanghai. I did not take leave. 我是公出去上海的,不是不告面別  She came to see you on purpose. 她是專程來(lái)看你的  He came here on purpose to discuss it with you. 他到這來(lái)是要與你討論這件事的。

      This lunch is on me.  "No. let's go Dutch."  "這頓午飯我付錢"  "不,還是各付各的"  On the contrary, it was very easy to understand. 相反,這事兒很容易理解  P1ease come on time. (on schedule). 請(qǐng)準(zhǔn)時(shí)來(lái)  注:in time是"及時(shí)"的意思The train arrived on schedule. 火車準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)  特定時(shí)間和"一……就",左右on后動(dòng)名詞  例:Gases expand on heating and contract on cooling. 氣體加熱時(shí)膨脹,冷卻時(shí)收縮特定時(shí)間)  On entering the room, he found his friends dancing in high spirits. 一進(jìn)屋,他就發(fā)現(xiàn)他的朋友們?cè)谟淇斓靥琛 n reaching the city he called up Lao Yang. 一到城里他就給老楊打了一個(gè)電話  I'll write to him on hearing from you. 我接到你的來(lái)信就給他寫信。

    一……就)  以及on the left, right向左向右,on the stair在臺(tái)階上等  步行、驢、馬、玩笑on,cab,carriage用in  例:On foot步行; on horse騎馬; on donkey 騎驢  He rode on, blood flowing from his side. 他騎著馬,鮮血從腰部流下來(lái)  The soldier of the Eighth Route Army rode 100 li on a horse a day in order to catch up with his unit. 為趕上部隊(duì),那位八路軍戰(zhàn)士騎馬日行百里  Go on horse back! 騎馬去!  You are having me on! 你和我開(kāi)玩笑呢!  in cab和in carriage 不能用on或by cab或carrige  at山腳、門口在當(dāng)前,速、溫、日落價(jià)核心  即在山腳下、在門口、在目前,速度、以……速率、溫度、在日落時(shí)、在……核心要用at  例:At the foot of the mountain, there are thirty of our comrades. 在山腳下,有我們30個(gè)同志。

    There is a beautiful lake at the foot of the hill. 山腳下有一個(gè)美麗的湖  At the gate of the house there are many children playing glassball. 門口有一大群孩子在玩玻璃球  Who's standing there at the door? 誰(shuí)站在門口?  I don't need the dictionary at present. 我現(xiàn)在還不需要這本詞典  He is at present in Washington. 他目前正在華盛頓  The train runs at fifty kilometres an hour. 火車每小時(shí)行駛50公里  we built the plant at top speed and minimun cost. 我們以最低的投資,最高的速度修建了該工廠  at home 在國(guó)內(nèi),在家里  at ten degrees centigrade 在攝氏10度  at minus ten degrees centigrade 攝氏零下10度Water freezes at 0°centigrade. 水在鑷氏零度結(jié)冰。

      Water usually boils at 100°. 水通常在攝氏loo度沸賜  at zero 在零度  at the rate of 45 miles an hour  at full speed 全速  at a good price 高價(jià)  at a low cost 低成本  at a great cost 花了很大代價(jià)  at that time 在當(dāng)時(shí)  Evaporation takes place at all tempertures. 蒸發(fā)在任何溫度下都能發(fā)生at 1000RPM (revolution per minute) 每分鐘1000轉(zhuǎn)  at a high speed 高速  The soldiers launched an attack upon the enemy at sunset. 戰(zhàn)士們?cè)谌章鋾r(shí)對(duì)敵人發(fā)起了攻擊  at daybreak 日出時(shí)  The force at the core leading our cause forward is the Chinese Communist Party. 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)我們事業(yè)的核心力量是中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨。

      The atom has a nucleus at its core. 在原子的中心有一個(gè)原于核  At the beginning of this term the teacher in charge of our class was very strict with us. 這學(xué)期開(kāi)始,我們的班主任老師對(duì)我們要求非常嚴(yán)格?高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法口訣高中階段的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)在現(xiàn)行的教材中分布得較分散、零碎,學(xué)生學(xué)起來(lái)頗感吃力,難以記牢一般說(shuō)來(lái),學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的途徑很多,但教學(xué)中常用的主要有如下二種:一是通過(guò)教師的講解,對(duì)所學(xué)語(yǔ)法規(guī)則的概念、結(jié)構(gòu),用法有個(gè)確切的了解;二是通過(guò)大量的練習(xí),在英語(yǔ)實(shí)踐中正確、熟練地掌握語(yǔ)法規(guī)則的用法仔細(xì)惦量這兩種方法,其實(shí)都強(qiáng)調(diào)了同一個(gè)極其重要的東西,即是“記憶”記憶的方式、方法很多,諸如分類記憶法,直觀形象記憶法、奇持聯(lián)想記憶法,特征記憶法等等這里,筆者主要從詞法與句法兩大塊對(duì)巧記英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法作些闡述一、詞法(一)巧記名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則:?jiǎn)螖?shù)變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)式,一般詞尾加-s;下列句詞詞尾后,要加-s先加-e發(fā)音[f] 、[ t ]、[s]和[z],或是某些輔音加-o時(shí)有些名詞變復(fù)數(shù),詞尾變化要注意。

    y前字母是輔音,一律變y為-ies.遇到f和fe,有時(shí)需要變-ves.少數(shù)名詞不規(guī)則,特殊情況要強(qiáng)記說(shuō)明:1.名詞變復(fù)數(shù)形式,一般在詞尾加-s.eg: bag-bags banana-bananas bird-birds pen-pens, ....2.詞尾發(fā)音為[f , t s, z]的名詞(即以字母sh, ch, s, x結(jié)尾者)在變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),要在詞尾加-es,eg: watch-watches, box-boxes, bus-buses,etc)3.若詞尾字母o的前面是輔音字母,變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時(shí),有些加-es,eg: hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, patato-patatoes, tomato-tomatoes.這四個(gè)詞可組成一句話來(lái)記憶:Heroes and Negroes eat potatoes and tomatoes(英雄和黑人吃馬鈴薯和西紅柿簡(jiǎn)為二人吃二菜但有些以o結(jié)尾的名詞則加-s,eg: photo – photoes, piano –pianos等4.若詞尾字母y前加的是輔音字母時(shí),變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù),首先把y變?yōu)閕,再加-es, eg: family – families, city- cities, baby – babies等,但若詞尾y前為元音字母時(shí),則可直接加-s, eg: day-days, boy-boys等。

    5.以f和fe結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),首先將f和fe變?yōu)関, 再加-es,我們也可用一句話來(lái)記,“狼(wolf)和小偷(thief)的妻子(wife)用小刀(knife)威脅書架(shelf)上的半片(half)葉子(leaf)的生命(life)另外記住一些常見(jiàn)特殊詞,eg: roof—roofs.6. 有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化是不規(guī)則的,eg: man-men, woman-women, child-children, chinese- chinese, sheep-sheep等,平時(shí)多留心,稍微加以歸納,是不難發(fā)現(xiàn)其的特征的二)定冠詞冠詞是NMET試題中出現(xiàn)較頻繁的詞性,近五年復(fù)出率高達(dá)83.3%因而掌握冠詞,尤其是定冠詞的用法也尤其必要請(qǐng)看下面的順口溜,它可以幫助我們記憶定冠詞的一些用法:特指、重提和唯一,島嶼,海峽和海灣;海洋,黨派最高級(jí),沙漠,河流與群山;方位、順序和樂(lè)器,年代,團(tuán)體與機(jī)關(guān);船名,建筑和組織,會(huì)議,條約與報(bào)刊;姓氏復(fù)數(shù),國(guó)全名,請(qǐng)你記住用定冠下面讓我們?cè)賮?lái)“驗(yàn)證”這順口溜吧請(qǐng)仔細(xì)觀察下面各句中定冠詞的用法,不難發(fā)現(xiàn)它的“功效”與“真?zhèn)巍绷?. The girl in red has just come back from Australia.2. Mr. Li will give us a talk. The talk will begin at 8:003. The sun gives us heat and light.4. The Pacific Ocean is the largest of all.5. The Communist Party of China was founded in 1921.6. Do you know when the Great Wall came into being?7. She’s on the People’s Daily.8. The Einsteins could not pay for the advanced education that young Albert needed.9. Who was the first to come?10. I heard somebody playing the piano in the next room.11. Great Changes have taken place in the 1990’s12. In 1864, Lincoln was elected President of the United States for the second time.(三)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞包括動(dòng)詞不定式,動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞和動(dòng)詞的-ing形式三種。

    這是高考中的熱點(diǎn),其考查量多、面廣,幾乎是必考的一個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)近六年高考復(fù)現(xiàn)率達(dá)百分之百縱觀試題,其考查重點(diǎn)為動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)形式的作用及功能相同的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的區(qū)別學(xué)生對(duì)此知識(shí)也“知之半解”,深感頭疼請(qǐng)看下面的方法,將有助于記住不定式及動(dòng)名詞1、動(dòng)詞的不定式①不定式有標(biāo)記,to與動(dòng)詞連一起②沒(méi)有人稱數(shù)變化,動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)它具備③主賓定狀表補(bǔ)語(yǔ),唯獨(dú)作謂不可以④not 加上不定式,否定結(jié)構(gòu)要牢記⑤疑問(wèn)詞與不定式,構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)有意義⑥仔細(xì)推敲多思考,準(zhǔn)確判斷有依據(jù)解析:①“to+動(dòng)詞原形”是它的基本構(gòu)成形式,即不定式的標(biāo)記②它沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化,不管主語(yǔ)是任何人稱,單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù),動(dòng)詞不定式都沒(méi)有變化但它仍保留動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn),可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)③它具有名詞、形容詞和副詞三大特點(diǎn),所以,它在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)④“not +動(dòng)詞不定式”是它的否定形式,不要受其他否定式的影響,要記住規(guī)律⑤疑問(wèn)代詞what, who, whom, which和疑問(wèn)副詞where, when, why , how加上不定式在句中可以做主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)⑥通過(guò)以上分析,只要仔細(xì)研究,把不定式的功能用法搞清楚,在應(yīng)用時(shí)就能作出準(zhǔn)確的判斷。

    2、動(dòng)名詞:哪些動(dòng)詞后面只能接動(dòng)名詞,下面的順口溜有助于記憶喜歡、考慮不可免(enjoy, consider, escape, avoid)停止,放棄太冒險(xiǎn)(stop, give up , risk)反對(duì)想象莫推延(mine, imagine, delay, put off)要求完成是期望(require, finish, look forward to.)建議繼續(xù)勤*練(suggest, go on, practise)不禁原諒要堅(jiān)持(can’t help, excuse , insist on)繼續(xù)注意使成功(keep on, mind, succeed in)(四)多個(gè)形容詞并開(kāi)修飾一個(gè)名詞的問(wèn)題有兩三個(gè)形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞時(shí),與被修飾名詞關(guān)系較密切的形容詞靠近名詞若有多個(gè)形容詞修飾,可用下面這句話來(lái)判斷、排列它們的順序:縣官行令殺國(guó)材其意思是:縣(限)代表限定詞,包括冠詞、指示代詞、形容詞性物主代詞,所有格,數(shù)字等官(觀)代表表示觀點(diǎn)的描繪性形容詞,eg: fine beautiful interesting等行(形)代表表示大小、長(zhǎng)短、高低及形狀的形容詞:eg: small tall, high, little, round等。

    令代表表示年齡、新舊的形容詞:eg: old, young等殺色(近似音)代表表示顏色的形容詞:eg: white, black等國(guó)代表國(guó)籍、地區(qū)、出處的形容詞:eg: Englsih, American, moun tain等材代表形成中心名詞的材料的形容詞,eg: wooden, silk, plastic, stone等請(qǐng)看下面的例子:a fine old stone bridge;two big round new Chinese wood。

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