初中英語語法之時(shí)態(tài)及練習(xí)

be(“是/存在”)動(dòng)詞的各種時(shí)態(tài)變化：一 般 現(xiàn) 在 時(shí)一 般 將 來 時(shí)一 般 過 去 時(shí)一 般 過 去 時(shí)I am….You are.…He/She/It is….We/You/They are(I/She/He /It) will be….I am He/She/It is going to be We/You/They are I was….You were.…He/She/It was….We/You/They wereI was….You were.…He/She/It was….We/You/They were注意：句型變化時(shí),否定句在am /is /are /will /was /were / 后面加not,而且not都可以縮寫為n’t (am后面not不可以縮寫)；疑問句將am /is /are /will /was /were 提前到句首其它謂語動(dòng)詞(主動(dòng)語態(tài))的時(shí)態(tài)變化一覽表： 時(shí)態(tài)一 般 現(xiàn) 在 時(shí)現(xiàn) 在 進(jìn) 行 時(shí)一 般 將 來 時(shí)一 般 過 去 時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞用原形(單三加s / es)(問句和否定句借用助詞do / does)amis +動(dòng)詞-ingarewill + 動(dòng)詞原形amis +going to+動(dòng)詞原形are動(dòng)詞用過去式(問句和否定句借用助詞did)時(shí)態(tài)的具體用法：(1) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 表示現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常或習(xí)慣發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),或說明主語的特征。

①　一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)句子中常有的時(shí)間狀語：often,usually,sometimes,always,every (day等), once/twice,a (week等), on (Sunday等),never,in the (morning等)如：They go to the Palace Museum once a year.(他們每年去一次故宮)/ They often discuss business in the evening.(他們經(jīng)常在晚上商談生意)②　表示客觀真理、事實(shí)、人的技能或現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)時(shí)句子里一般不用時(shí)間狀語如：The earth turns round the sun.(地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn))/ Light travels faster than sound.(光傳播比聲音快)③ 表示十分確定會(huì)發(fā)生(如安排好的事情)或按照時(shí)間表進(jìn)行的事情,用一般現(xiàn)在可以表達(dá)將來,句子中可以有將來時(shí)間如：The train for Haikou leaves at 8：00 in the morning.(開往漢口的列車上午8點(diǎn)開車)④ 在時(shí)間狀語從句中(以when, after, before, while, until, as soon as等引導(dǎo))和條件狀語從句中(以if,unless引導(dǎo)),用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí),句子可以有將來時(shí)間。

如：Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in Germany.(你一到德國(guó)就給我打電話) / If it rains tomorrow,we will have to stay at home.(如果明天下雨我們就只好呆在家)⑤ 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用于倒裝句中可以表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,動(dòng)詞以come, go為主如：Here comes the bus. (車來了) / There goes the bell.(鈴響了)⑥ 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常用于體育比賽的解說或寓言故事中Now the midfield player catches the ball and he keeps it.⑦ 人的心理活動(dòng)和感官動(dòng)作一般用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)而不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表達(dá),常見動(dòng)詞有：like, love, hate, dislike, want, wish, hope, think(認(rèn)為),understand, remember, forget, mean, need, hear, feel, see. 如：I think it is going to snow.(我想天要下雪了)/ I really hope you can enjoy your stay here.(我真的希望你愉快地呆在這兒)(2) 一般過去時(shí) 表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),這種動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)可能是一次性,也可能經(jīng)常發(fā)生。

①　表示過去具體時(shí)刻發(fā)生的一次性動(dòng)作時(shí),時(shí)間狀語有：at (eight) (yesterday morning),(ten minutes) ago, when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句如：I got up at 6：00 this morning.(我是早上六點(diǎn)鐘起床的)/ Little Tom broke the window at half past nine this morning.(小湯姆今天早上九點(diǎn)半把窗子打破了)/ When he went into the room,he saw a stranger talking with his father.(他走進(jìn)房間時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)陌生人正和他父親談話)②　表示過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)不知何時(shí)發(fā)生的一次性動(dòng)作時(shí),時(shí)間狀語有：yesterday, last (year等), in (1998 等)如：He came to our city in the year 2000.(他2000年來到我們市)③　表示過去一個(gè)階段中經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事情時(shí),時(shí)間狀語有：last…, in…, from…to…, for(10 years),often,usually, sometimes, always, never等。

如：Mr Jackson usually went to evening schools when he was young. / Every day he went to the rich man and borrowed books from him.④　講故事、對(duì)過去經(jīng)歷的回憶、雙方都明白的過去事件等一般用過去時(shí),而且經(jīng)常省略時(shí)間狀語如：I happened to meet Rose in the street.(我正好在街上遇到露西)(3) 一般將來時(shí) 表示將來某一時(shí)刻或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)①一般將來時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語有：tomorrow,this (afternoon),next (year),one day,now,soon, someday,sometime, in the future, when引導(dǎo)的從句等②　用will構(gòu)成的將來時(shí),表示動(dòng)作與人的主觀愿望無關(guān)shall”用于第一人稱,“will” 用于所有人稱如：I will graduate from this school soon.(我很快就要從這所中學(xué)畢業(yè)了)/ You will stay alone after I leave.(我走了之后你就要一個(gè)人過了)③　“am/is/are going to+動(dòng)詞原形”表示打算或準(zhǔn)備要做的事情,或者主觀判斷即將要發(fā)生的事情,而“am/is/are to +動(dòng)詞原形”表示安排或計(jì)劃中的動(dòng)作。

如：A man told them that the woman was to give birth to the special baby.(有一個(gè)人告訴他們那個(gè)婦女就會(huì)生下那個(gè)特別的男孩)/ It’s going to rain soon.(天快要下雨了)④　表示一個(gè)人臨時(shí)決定要做某事,可以用will表達(dá)如：I will go to the lab to get some chemicals(化學(xué)藥劑). So please wait until I return.(我要到化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室去取些藥品,請(qǐng)等我回頭)⑤　現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)也可以表示將來見相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài))⑥　shall和will 在口語的一些疑問句中相當(dāng)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞Shall一般與第一人稱連用,will與第二人稱連用如：Shall we go to the zoo next Saturday?(我們下周六去動(dòng)物園好嗎？)/ Will you please open the door for me?(替我把門打開好嗎？)⑦ “be to +動(dòng)詞原形”表示按照計(jì)劃將要發(fā)生的事情如：An angel came to tell her that she was to have this special boy.　(4)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或是現(xiàn)階段正發(fā)生而此刻不一定在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

① 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞be (am is are ) +現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成② 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語有： now, this …, these…等,但經(jīng)常不用如：What are you doing up in the tree?(你在樹上干什么？)/ I am writing a long novel these days.(我最近在寫一本長(zhǎng)篇小說)③ 表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,一般指近期安排好的事情常見的動(dòng)詞有：come, go, stay, leave, spend, do等如：I’m coming now.(我就來)/ What are you doing tomorrow?(你明天干什么？)/ He is leaving soon.(他就要走了)④ 表示頻繁發(fā)生或反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,常與always等頻度副詞連用,以表示贊揚(yáng)、不滿或討厭等感情色彩如：He is always borrowing money from me and forgetting all about it some time later.(他老是向我借錢,過一些時(shí)候就忘得一干二凈)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)（ ）1.我在照看孩子. (A)I am looking after the baby.(B)I'm look aftering the baby. (C)I look am aftering the baby.(D)I looking after the baby.( )2._____friend's making______a kite. (A)I,me (B)My,my (C)My,me (D)His,his( )3.Is the woman ______ yellow your teacher? (A)in (B)putting on (C)wearing (D)having( )4.Look!The twins_____their mother do the housework. (A)are wanting (B)help(C)are helping (D)are looking( )5._____are the birds doing? They are singing in a tree. (A)Who (B)What (C)How (D)Where?( )6.Is she____something? (A)eat (B)eating (C)eatting (D)eats( )7.你在干什么? (A)What is you doing? (B)What are you do?(C)What are you doing? (D)What do you do?( )8.What are you listening_____? (A)/ (B)for (C)at (D)to( )9.我正在聽他說話. (A)I listening to him. (B)I'm listening to him.(C)I'm listen to him. (D)I'm listening him.( )10.They are_____their clothes. (A)makeing (B)putting (C)put away (D)putting on( )11.Listen! She____in the classroom. (A)is singing (B)sing (C)to sing (D)is sing( )12.Today Jim______ his white shirt and brown trousers. (A)is putting on (B)wear (C)put on (D)is wearing( )13.______are you eating?I'm eating______meat. (A)What,some (B)Which,any (C)Where,not (D)What,a( )14.They______TV in the evening.They do their homework.(A)are watching (B)can't watching (C)don't watch (D)don't watching ( )15.The children_____football. (A)is playing (B)are playing (C)play the (D)play a( )16.They are flying kites. (A)他們喜歡放風(fēng)箏. (B)他們?cè)诜棚L(fēng)箏嗎? (C)他們?cè)诜棚L(fēng)箏. (D)他們常放風(fēng)箏. ( )17.Look,They are swimming in the river.I want_____you. (A)to go with (B)go with (C)helping (D)help ( )18.Look.Lucy is_____a new bike today. (A)jumping (B)running (C)riding (D)takeing一般將來時(shí)( ) 1. There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be( ) 2. Charlie ________ here next month. A. isn’t working B. doesn’t working C. isn’t going to working D. won’t work( ) 3. He ________ very busy this week, he ________ free next week. A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be( ) 4. There ________ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening. A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be( ) 5. –________ you ________ free tomorrow? – No. I ________ free the day after tomorrow. A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be( ) 6. Mother ________ me a nice present on my next birthday. A. will gives B. will give C. gives D. give( ) 7. – Shall I buy a cup of tea for you? –________. （不，不要。

A. No, you won’t. B. No, you aren’t. C. No, please don’t. D. No, please.( ) 8. – Where is the morning paper? – I ________ it for you at once. A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get( ) 9. ________ a concert next Saturday? A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are( ) 10. If they come, we ________ a meeting. A. have B. will have C. had D. would have( ) 11. He ________ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday. A. gives B. gave C. will giving D. is going to give( ) 12. He ________ to us as soon as he gets there. A. writes B. has written C. will write D. wrote( ) 13. He ________ in three days. A. coming back B. came back C. will come back D. is going to coming back( ) 14. If it ________ tomorrow, we’ll go roller-skating. A. isn’t rain B. won’t rain C. doesn’t rain D. doesn’t fine( ) 15. – Will his parents go to see the Terra Cotta Warriors tomorrow? – No, ________ （不去）. A. they willn’t. B. they won’t. C. they aren’t. D. they don’t.( ) 16. Who ________ we ________ swimming with tomorrow afternoon? A. will; go B. do; go C. will; going D. shall; go( ) 17. We ________ the work this way next time. A. do B. will do C. going to do D. will doing( ) 18. Tomorrow he ________ a kite in the open air first, and then ________ boating in the park. A. will fly; will go B. will fly; goes C. is going to fly; will goes D. flies; will go( ) 19. The day after tomorrow they ________ a volleyball match. A. will watch B. watches C. is watching D. is going to watch( ) 20. There ________ a birthday party this Sunday. A. shall be B. will be C. shall going to be D. will going to be一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一、選擇題練習(xí)　　1. Who _____ over there now? A. singing B. are sing C. is singing D. sing2. It’s eight o’clock. The students _____ an English class. 　A. have B. having C. is having D. are having　　3. Listen! The baby _____ in the next room. A. crying B. cried C. is crying D. cries4. Look! The twins _____ new sweaters. 　A. are wearing B. wearing C. are wear D. is wearing　　5. Don’t talk here. Grandparents _____. A. is sleeping B. are sleeping C. sleeping D. sleep　　6. Tom is a worker. He _____ in a factory. His sisters _____ in a hospital.　　 A. work/ work B. works/ work C. work/ works　　7. Who _____ English best in your class? A. speak B. speaks C. speaking　　8. Mrs Read _____ the windows every day. A. is cleaning B. clean C. cleans9. We _____ music and often _____ to music. 　　A. like/ listen B. likes/ listens C. like/ are listening　　10. She _____ up at six in the morning. A. get B. gets C. getting　　11. On Sunday he sometimes _____ his clothes and sometimes _____ some shopping.　　 A. wash/ do B. is washing/ is doing C. washes/ does　　12. The twins usually _____ milk and bread for breakfast, but Jim _____ some coffee for it.　　 A. have/ have B. have/ has C. has/ have 14. It’s nine ten. The students ______ a music class. A. have B. having C. are having 15. Is the man _______ tea or milk? A. drinks B. drink C. drinking 一般過去式( )1． My father＿＿＿＿＿＿ill yesterday． A． isn't B． aren't C． wasn't D． weren't( )2． ＿＿＿＿＿＿your parents at home last week﹖ A． Is B． Was C． Are D． Were( )3． The twins＿＿＿＿＿＿in Dalian last year． They＿＿＿＿＿＿h(yuǎn)ere now． A． are; were B． were; are C． was; are D． were; was( )4． ＿＿＿＿＿＿your father at work the day＿＿＿＿＿yesterday (前天）﹖ A． Was; before B． Is; before C． Was; after D． Is; after ( )5． —Who was on duty last Friday﹖ —＿＿＿＿＿＿． A． I am B． I was C． Yes, I was D． No,1. Tom and Mary ___________ (come) to China last month. 2. Mike _________________(not go) to bed until 12 o’clock last night. So he ______ (get ) up late. 3. Mary __________ (read) English yesterday morning. 4. There _________ (be) no one here a moment ago. 5. I ___________ (call) Mike this morning. 6. I listened but ___________ (hear) nothing. 7. Tom ___________ (begin) to learn Chinese last year. 8. Last week we _________ (pick) many apples on the farm. 9. My mother ________________ (not do) housework yesterday. 10. She watches TV every evening. But she ____________ (not watch) TV last night. 。