小學(xué)英語基本語法結(jié)構(gòu)詳解

英語詞性縮寫n = 名詞，noun的縮寫u = 不可數(shù)名詞，uncountable noun的縮寫c = 可數(shù)名詞，countable noun的縮寫v = 動詞， verb的縮寫vi = 不及物動詞，intransitive verb的縮寫vt = 及物動詞，transitive verb的縮寫aux.v = 助動詞 ，auxiliary verb的縮寫model verb情態(tài)動詞conj = 連接詞 ，conjunction的縮寫adj. = 形容詞，adjective的縮寫adv.= 副詞，adverb的縮寫art. = 冠詞，article的縮寫prep = 介詞；preposition的縮寫pron = 代名詞，pronoun的縮寫num = 數(shù)詞，numeral的縮寫int. = 感嘆詞，interjection的縮寫英文基本句式介紹:?五個基本句式可以演變出多種復(fù)雜的英語句子這五個基本句式如下：S十V主謂結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十P主系表結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十O主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十O1十O2 主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十O十C 主謂賓補結(jié)構(gòu)(說明：S＝主語；V＝謂語；P＝表語；O＝賓語；O1＝間接賓語；O2＝直接賓語；C＝補語)S十V在此句式中，V是不及物動詞，又叫自動詞(vi．)。

例如：He runs quickly．他跑得快They listened carefully．他們聽得很仔細(xì)He suffered from cold and hunger．他挨凍受餓China belongs to the third world country．中國屬于第三世界國家The gas has given out．煤氣用完了My ink has run out．我的鋼筆水用完了S十V十P ???在此句式中，V是系動詞(link v．)，常見的系動詞有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fall ill/asleep，stand/sit still，become，turn等例如：He is older than he looks．他比看上去要老He seen interested in the book．他似乎對這本書感興趣The story sounds interesting．這個故事聽起來有趣The desk feels hard．書桌摸起來很硬The cake tastes nice．餅嘗起來很香The flowers smell sweet and nice．花聞起來香甜。

You have grown taller than before．你長得比以前高了He has suddenly fallen ill．他突然病倒了He stood quite still．他靜靜地站看He becomes a teacher when he grew up．他長大后當(dāng)了教師He could never turn traitor to his country．他永遠(yuǎn)不會背叛他的祖國S十V十O在此句式中，V是及物動詞(vt．)，因此有賓語例如：I saw a film yesterday．我昨天看了一部電影Have you read the story?你讀過這個故事嗎?They found their home easily．他們很容易找到他們的家They built a house last year．他們?nèi)ツ杲艘凰孔覶hey‘ve put up a factory in the village．他們在村里建了一座工廠They have taken good care of the children．這些孩子他們照看得很好You should look after your children well．你應(yīng)該好好照看你的孩子。

S十V十O1十O2在此句式中，V是帶有雙賓語的及物動詞常見的須帶雙賓語的動詞有g(shù)ive，ask，bring，offer，send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，get；rob，warn等例如：He gave me a book/a book to me．他給我一本書He brought me a pen/a pen to me．他帶給我一枝鋼筆He offered me his seat/his seat to me．他把座位讓給我注意下邊動詞改寫后介詞的變化：Mother bought me a book/a book for me.媽媽給我買了一本書He got me a chair/a chair for me．他給我弄了一把椅子Please do me a favor/a favor for me．請幫我一下He asked me a question/a question of me．他問我個問題注意，下邊動詞只有一種說法：They robbed the old man of his money．他們搶了老人的錢He’s warned me of the danger.他警告我注意危險。

The doctor has cured him of his disease．醫(yī)生治好了他的病We must rid the house of the rats．我們必須趕走屋里的老鼠They deprived him of his right to speak．他們剝奪了他說話的權(quán)利S十V十O十C在此句式中，V是有賓語補足語的及物動詞常帶賓語補足語的詞有形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、名詞、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞,請看下面的例子They made the girl angry．他們使這個女孩生氣了They found her happy that day．他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那天她很高興I found him out．我發(fā)現(xiàn)他出去了I saw him in．我見他在家They saw a foot mark in the sand．他們發(fā)現(xiàn)沙地上有腳印They named the boy Charlie．他們給這個男孩起名為查理I saw him come in and go out．我見他進(jìn)來又出去They felt the car moving fast．他們感到汽車行駛得很快I heard the glass broken just now．我剛才聽到玻璃碎了。